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2015. Том 10. Выпуск 1. ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ВРЕМЯ ТЕКСТА / SPACE AND TIME OF THE TEXT / RAUM UND ZEIT DES TEXTES

ЧИТАТЬ ПОЛИТИКУ / TO READ THE POLICY / DIE POLITIK LESEN

Аласания К.Ю.

Методы анализа политического текста

Аласания Кира Юрьевна, кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры философии политики и права Философского факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова

E-mail: alasaniak@yandex.ru

Статья посвящена обзору методологии исследования политического текста. В статье дается характеристика подходов, применяемых в современной отечественной и западной политической лингвистике для анализа политических текстов. Особое внимание уделяется риторическому, когнитивному, дискурсивному методам.

Ключевые слова: политическая лингвистика, методология, политический текст, риторический метод, когнитивный метод, дискурс-анализ.

Литература 

Алтунян А.Г. Анализ политических текстов: учебное пособие. М.: Университетская книга; Логос, 2006. 384 с.

Аристотель. Риторика [Электронный ресурс] // Тахо-Годи А.А. Античные риторики. М.: Издательство Московского университета, 1978. Цифровая библиотека по философии. Режим доступа: http://filosof.historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000359/st000.shtml.

Баранов А.Н., Караулов Ю.Н. Русская политическая метафора (материалы к словарю). М.: Ин-т русского языка АН СССР. 1991. 193 с.

Безменова Н.А. Теория и практика риторики массовой коммуникации: Научно-аналитический обзор. М.: ИНИОН, 1989. 39 c.

Водак Р. Язык. Дискурс. Политика. Волгоград: Перемена, 1997. 139 с.

Дейк Т.А. ван. Язык. Познание. Коммуникация. М.: Прогресс, 1989. 307 с.

Лассвелл Г. Язык власти [Электронный ресурс] // Политическая лингвистика. 2006. Вып. 20. С. 264—279. Philology.ru: Русский филологический портал. Режим доступа: http://philology.ru/linguistics1/lasswell-06.htm.

Скребцова Т.Г. Современные исследования политической метафоры: три источника и три составные части [Электронный ресурс] // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия 9. Филология. Востоковедение. Журналистика. 2005. Вып. 1. С. 35—46. Режим доступа: http://filologija.vukhf.lt/6-11/doc/1.2%20Skrebtsova.rtf.

Степанов Ю.С. Альтернативный мир, Дискурс, Факт и принцип Причинности // Язык и наука конца XX в. М.: РГГУ, 1995. С. 35—72.

Фуко М. Воля к истине: по ту сторону знания, власти и сексуальности. Работы разных лет. М.: Касталь, 1996. [Электронный ресурс] // Библиотека Якова Кротова. Режим доступа: http://krotov.info/libr_min/ 21_f/uk/o_43.htm.

Чудинов А.П. Россия в метафорическом зеркале: Когнитивное исследование политической метафоры (1991—2000). Екатеринбург: Урал. гос. пед. ун-т. 2001. 238 c.

De Landtsheer C. "Introduction to the Study of Political Discourse." Politically Speaking: A Worldwide Examination of Language Used in the Public Sphere. Eds. O. Feldman, C. De Landtsheer. London and Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1998.a, pp. 1—16.

De Landtsheer C. "The Political Rhetouric of a Unified Europe." Politically Speaking: A Worldwide Examination of Language Used in the Public Sphere. Eds. O. Feldman, C. De Landtsheer. London and Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1998.b, pp. 129—145.

Dunmire P.L. "Preempting the Future: Rhetoric and Ideology of the Future in Political Discourse." Discourse & Society 16.4 (2005): 481—513.

Edelman M. Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail. Londin and New York: Academic Press and Elsevier, 2013. 188 p.

Fairclough N. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2006.

Fairclough I., Fairclough N. Political Discourse Analysis: A Method for Advanced Students. London: Routledge, 2012. 240 p.

Habermas J. "Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research. 1." Communication Theory 16.4 (2006): 411—426.

Krebs R.R., Jackson P.T. "Twisting Tongues and Twisting Arms: The Power of Political Rhetoric." European Journal of International Relations 13.1 (2007): 35—66.

Lakoff G., Johnson M. Metaphors We Live By. London and Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. 256 p.

Lasswell H. "The Structure and Function of Communication in Society." The Process and Effects of Mass Communication. Eds. W. Schramm, and D.F. Roberts. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1971, pp. 84—99.

Reisigl M. "Analyzing Political Rhetoric." Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences. Eds. R. Wodak, and M. Krzyzanowski. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2008, pp. 96—120.

Shenhav S.R. "Concise Narratives: A Structural Analysis of Political Discourse." Discourse Studies 7.3 (2005): 315—335.

Van Dijk T.A. "Discourse and Inequality." Lenguas Modernas 21 (1994): 19—37. PDF-file. <http://www.discourses.org /OldArticles/Discourse%20and%20inequality.pdf>.

Van Dijk T.A. "Ideology and Discourse Analysis." Journal of Political Ideologies 11.2 (2006): 115—140.

Van Dijk T.A. "Political Discourse and Racism: Describing Others in Western Parliaments." The Language and Politics of Exclusion. Others in Discourse. Ed. S.H. Riggins. Thousand Oaks, CA: -Sage, 1997, pp. 31—64. PDF-file. <http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/Political%20discourse%20and%20racism.pdf>.

Alasania K.Yu.

Methods of the Political Text’s Analysis

Kira Yu. Alasania, Ph.D. (Political Science), Associate Professor at the Chair of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Philosophical Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University

E-mail: alasaniak@yandex.ru

Despite political linguistics has been functioning as a separate scientific discipline for a long time, its subject and object field, as well as its methodology are still discussible questions. So, in order to reach some consensus in terms of defining the aspects mentioned above, it seems to be topical to represent a certain map of the political linguistics investigation objects and methods used for analyzing them.

The subject of my investigation is the modern methodology of the political text analysis. In order to its investigation, I use historical and comparative research approaches.

As the results of my research, I show the evolution of the methodology of the political text investigation paying special attention to three methods of the political text analysis: rhetoric, cognitive and discursive approaches. I analyze the peculiarities of all three methods in terms of their use and functioning in political linguistics concentrating on the functional aspect of the political text.

In conclusion, I demonstrate that any method of analyzing the political text is intended to figure out if certain functions of the political text are implemented. I also conclude that the diversity of methods shows the complexity of the political text as the phenomenon of the language, consciousness, society, culture and it demands further advanced investigation.

Keywords: political linguistics, methodology, political text, rhetoric method, cognitive method, discourse analysis.

References: 

Altunyan A.G. The Analysis of Political Texts: Study Guide. Moscow: Universitetskaya Kniga Publisher; Logos Publisher, 2006. 384 p. (In Russian).

Aristotle. "Rhetoric." Antic Rhetoric. Ed. A.A. Takho-Godi. Moscow: Moscow State University Publisher, 1978. The Digital Library for Philosophy. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://filosof.historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/ z0000359/st000.shtml>. (In Russian).

Baranov A.N., Karaulov Yu.N. Russian Political Metaphor (Materials for the Dictionary). Moscow: Institute for Russian Languages of USSR Acadmy of Sciences Publisher, 1991. 193 p. (In Russian).

Bezmenova N.A. Theory and Practice of Mass Communication Rhetoric: Scientific and Analytical Review. Moscow: Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publisher, 1989. 39 p. (In Russian).

Chudinov A.P. Russia in Metaphoric Mirror: The Cognitive Research of Political Metaphor (1991—2000). Ekaterinburg: Ural State Pedagogical University Publisher, 2001. 238 p. (In Russian).

De Landtsheer C. "Introduction to the Study of Political Discourse." Politically Speaking: A Worldwide Examination of Language Used in the Public Sphere. Eds. O. Feldman, C. De Landtsheer. London and Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1998.a, pp. 1—16.

De Landtsheer C. "The Political Rhetouric of a Unified Europe." Politically Speaking: A Worldwide Examination of Language Used in the Public Sphere. Eds. O. Feldman, C. De Landtsheer. London and Westport, Conn., Praeger, 1998.b, pp. 129—145.

Dunmire P.L. "Preempting the Future: Rhetoric and Ideology of the Future in Political Discourse." Discourse & Society 16.4 (2005): 481—513.

Edelman M. Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail. Londin and New York: Academic Press and Elsevier, 2013. 188 p.

Fairclough N. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2006.

Fairclough I., Fairclough N. Political Discourse Analysis: A Method for Advanced Students. London: Routledge, 2012. 240 p.

Foucault M. The Will to Truth: Beyond the Knowledge, Power and Sexuality. Moscow: Kastal Publisher, 1996. Yakov Krotov’s Library. Yakov Krotov, n.d. Web. <http://krotov.info/libr_min/21_f/uk/o_43.htm>. (In Russian).

Habermas J. "Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research. 1." Communication Theory 16.4 (2006): 411—426.

Krebs R.R., Jackson P.T. "Twisting Tongues and Twisting Arms: The Power of Political Rhetoric." European Journal of International Relations 13.1 (2007): 35—66.

Lakoff G., Johnson M. Metaphors We Live By. London and Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. 256 p.

Lasswell H. "Language of Power." Political Linguistics 20 (2006): 264—279. Philology.ru: Russian Philology Portal. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://philology.ru/linguistics1/lasswell-06.htm>. (In Russian).

Lasswell H. "The Structure and Function of Communication in Society." The Process and Effects of Mass Communication. Eds. W. Schramm, and D.F. Roberts. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1971, pp. 84—99.

Reisigl M. "Analyzing Political Rhetoric." Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences. Eds. R. Wodak, and M. Krzyzanowski. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2008, pp. 96—120.

Shenhav S.R. "Concise Narratives: A Structural Analysis of Political Discourse." Discourse Studies 7.3 (2005): 315—335.

Skrebtsova T.G. "Modern Research of the Political Metaphor: Three Sources and Three Components." Herald of Saint-Petersburg University. Series 9: Philology. Asian Studies. Journalistic 1 (2005): 35—46. Web. <http://filologija.vukhf.lt/6-11/doc/1.2%20Skrebtsova.rtf>. (In Russian).

Stepanov Yu.S. "The Alternative World, Discourse, Fact and the Principle of Causativity." Language and Science of the 20th Century. Moscow: Russian State Humanitarian Unuversity Publisher, 1995, pp. 35—72. (In Russian).

Van Dijk T.A. "Discourse and Inequality." Lenguas Modernas 21 (1994): 19—37. PDF-file. <http://www.discourses.org /OldArticles/Discourse%20and%20inequality.pdf>.

Van Dijk T.A. "Ideology and Discourse Analysis." Journal of Political Ideologies 11.2 (2006): 115—140.

Van Dijk T.A. "Political Discourse and Racism: Describing Others in Western Parliaments." The Language and Politics of Exclusion. Others in Discourse. Ed. S.H. Riggins. Thousand Oaks, CA: -Sage, 1997, pp. 31—64. PDF-file. <http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/Political%20discourse%20and%20racism.pdf>.

Van Dijk T.A. Language. Cognition. Communication. Moscow: Progress Publisher, 1989. 307 p. (In Russian).

Wodak R. The Discourse of Politics in Action: Politics as Usual. Volgograd: Peremena Publisher, 1997. 139 p. (In Russian).